Governor



Dec. 29, 1925' R. MARSLAND GOVERNOR Filed Feb. 20, 1924 -5 Sheets-Sheet 1 N 8 I T Q '1' o a O Q l l w o I o a l k 2 CD WITNESSES 4 A. Mara land INVENTOR ATTORNEY Dec. 29, 1925- 1,567,970

R. MARSLAND GvERNOR Filed Feb. 20, 1924 3 Sheets-Sheet 2 g Mars land WITNESSES: I INVENTOR ATTORNEY Patented Dec. 29, 1925.-

1,567,910 UNITED STATES PATENTyOFFICE.

ROLAND IARBLAND, OI ES SING'I'OH, PENNSYLVANIA. ASSIGHOB 1'0 WESTINGHOUSE ELEG'EBIO -& MANUFACTURING COMPANY, A CORPORATION 01! PENNSYLVANIA.

oovn'nnon.

Application 11106 Iehmsry 20, 19M. Serial No. 694,141.

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, ROLAND MAnsLAnn, a

citizen of the United States, anda resident of Essington, in the county of Delaware and State of Pennsylvania, have invented a new and useful Improvement in Governors, of which thefollowing is a specification.

My invention relates to governing apparatus of the character shown, described and claimed in the application of Alexander T. Kasley, Serial No. 610,514, filed J an'uary 3, 1923, and assigned to the Westinghouse Electric and Manufacturing Company, and it has for an object to provide apparatus of this character which shall be simplified from the standpoint of construction and manu facture.

A further object ofmy invention is to provide centrifugal fluid pressure relief means for apparatus of the character referred to which shall be carried by the shaft of the machine governed. L i

Apparatus made in accordance with my invention is illustrated in the accompanying drawings forming a part of this a p cation, in which Fig. 1 is a view, part y n section, of a portion of a turbine showing my improved governing apparatus applied at 13, comprises a movable abutment or pis-,

thereto; Fig. 2 is a sectional view upon an enlarged scale of the governing ap aratus; Fig. 3 is a sectional view on a sh larger scale of the fluid motor employed with thea paratus, and Fig. 4 is a. sectional view of t ehspeed responsive valve employed therewit Referring now to the drawings for a bet ter understanding-of my invention, I show a turbine or equivalent apparatus 10 having a shaft 11' and an admission valve 12. Opening and closing of the admission valve to increase or restrict the supply of steam or motive fluid to the turbine is under the control of my i'mproved speed responsive fluid governing a paratus. y

The spee -responsive fluid verning apparatus comprises a motor evice, at 13, which is rovided with an actuated stem 14, connected to a lever 15, fulcrumed at 16, the lever being connected to the stem 17 of the admission valve 12. The motor device,

ton 18 which is movable in one direction by fluid admitted to the chamber or cylinder 19. The piston 18 and the stem 14 are moved a that fluid under in the other direction by means oi a com cates with the supply channel 24, the supply and exhaust port 22, and the exhaust chamber-or passage 25. A piston valve 27 1s arranged within the cylinder 26 and it has a piston portion 28, which is approximately of the same width as the annular passage 29 which communicates with the supply and exhaust passages 22 leading to thee linder 19. The piston valve 27 is pro vide with portions 30 and 31 of less diameter than the cy 'nder 26 and arranged respectively above a d below the piston valve ortion 28.'-

If t e piston valvemember 27 is moved sli htly upwardly the annular supply chaune 24 will be placed in communication with the annular channel 29, communicating with the supply and exhaust ports or passages 22 by means of the portion 31 of lesser diameter than the piston valve 27, with the result ressure supplied from the impeller 32 to t e passage 33 and in turn municates with the annular passage 24, as shown by the dotted lines, passes around the depressed ortion 31, enters the annular passage or c amber 29, and thence passes through the ports or passages 22 into the cylin er 19 with the result that the piston 18 is moved downwardly against the force of the spring 20. Downward movement of the piston valve 27 results in placing the cylinder 19 in cmnmunication with the exhaust passages 25 by way of the passages 22, the annular chamber 29, and the depressed portion 30. 3 I

The piston valve is moved upwardly and downwardly in the manner referred to by means of fluid pressure in one direction and by means of the spring 20 in the other direction. To this end, the piston "alve 27 has an operating piston 36 connected thereto the passage 34:- in the head 23 which comand rests against the abutment 40. An abutment 42 is arran ed about the stem 14 atthe othei end of the ring and it is adjustable with respect to the stem in order that a desired degree of pressure may be placed upon the spring 20. From the structure described, it will be apparent that the spring normally exerts its force in such a way c mmunicates at itslower en as to tend to move the piston 36 downwardly and the piston 18 upwardly. In other words, the pistons 18 and 36 are normally biased toward each other.

- The normal position for the operating piston 36 is that in which the forces above the piston .are balanced by-the fluid pressure force below such piston, at which time the piston valve 27 occupies a neutral or 'cut-ofi position, or aposition in which thepiston portion 28 covers the annular chamber 29 communicating with the passages 22. If pressure is relieved beneath the piston 36,

the latter will move downwardly. under the influence of the force of the s ring 20 and of such fluid pressure as may ave accumulated above the piston 36. On the other hand,with the building up of pressure beneatii the piston 36, :the spring 20 is overcome and the piston valve moved upwardly. Downward and upward movement of the piston 27 results in exhausting and supplying motive fluid tothe cylinder 19 in the manner already referred to. whereby fluid pressure may be built up and relieved beneath the piston 36 will now be described.

It will be seen that the piston valve 27 surrounds the rod 14 with slight clearance so as to form a throttling passa e 43 which with ports 44 leading to the annular channel 24 and with ports 45 leading to the cylinder 37 beneath the ipiston 36. The throttling passage or ori ce connection 43 tends to retard the building upof ressure of fluid beneath the piston 36, suc fluid beingsupplied from the impeller 32, through the passage 33, the chem er 34, the annular channel 24, the ports 44, the orifice connection '43 and the ports 45. The lower end of the cylinder- 37 communicates with a passage 46 leading to a passage 47 which communicates with an annular channel 49 arranged in a hear ing 50 for the shaft 11. The shaft 11 is provided with assages 51 arranged as closely as possi is 'to the circumferential The shell358 is provided with valve The means shown, the casing 53 is provided interiorly with a diametral shell 58 which fits in diametrically. opposed openings 59' and 60 in the casing or head 53. The shell 58 is secured in position with res act to the casing 53 ,by any suitable means hnown to the art. orts 62 near one end, which cooperate wit an interior cylindrical valve member 63, which is provided with a depressed portion 64' at its up er end to provide a cut-oil shoulder 65. ormally, the cylindrical piston valve member 63 occupies such a osition that the shoulder 65 cooperates wit the outer edge or end 66 of the cylinder 58 to limit esca e of fluid through the ports 62 and the epressed portion 64 and then out between I the edges 65 and 66. p

The mass of the piston valve. member 63 is so distributed that its center of .gravity is located nearer to the valve end than the shaft axis is. lVith this arrangement, upon the attainment of a predetermined speed, centrifugal force is efl'ective to move the piston valve member 63 outwardly in order that the ressure of fluid beneath the piston 36 may. e relieved.

The piston valve member 63 of the valve construction at 52 is moved inwardly under the influence of a spring 67 which rests at one end against an a tral bolt 69 andan abutment 70 cooperates Inn a" has a spherical fitting 71 with respect to a I supporting member 72 which fits against 'a' 3 carried by the interior of the The valve member 63.is provided with an extension 75 which eooperates with the head of the casing or cylinder 58 in order to limit I movement'of the iston. valve member 63 to 'an extent suflic ent to provide for cut-; off between ed cs 65 and 66. The abutment 68 has screw t ireaded connections with respect to the bolt 69' so that the tension of the -s ring 67 may be varied, thereby regulating t e speed at which the piston valve member 63 is forcedo'utwardly to relieve pressure:

of fluid beneath the piston 36 in the manner- 115 with the other "end of the spring 67 and it" short portion 64 immediately below the depressed pOrtion 64. The cvlinder 58 is rovided with a plurality of ports 77 w ich communicate with the clearance space 78 between the piston valve 63 and the cylinder 58 and with the space 79 between the 4 head of the cylinder 58 and the head of the piston valve 63. This construction allows for a piston valve which uires very slight pressure as it has only limited-en agement with respect to the, cylinder 58. gwing to the self-centering s herical connection dimen'sions constitute by. the abutment and the supporting member 71, the piston valve member 63 is maintained centered with respect to the bolt 69 so that it may have the requisite inward and outward movement or order to cut oif or open up the exhaust.

As already referred to, the, equilibrium position of the piston 36 and the cut-off position of the .piston valve 27 are determined by a condition of equilibrium of forces effective above and below the piston 36. The pressure of fluid accumulating above the piston 36 may be varied by an appropriate pre$ure relief device which is adapted to cooperate with a passage leading to the cylinder 37 above the piston 36 and which communicates with a chamber 81. A valve 82 is adapted to close the passage 80 and it is normally maintained in closed position by means of a spring 83 arranged between an abutment 84 carried by the valve and an adjustable abutment 85 carried by a stem 86 which has a. threaded connection with respect to a supporting standard 87. The chamber 81 also communicates with a passage 88 which leads to a drain passage 89 communicating with the bearing or oil supply space or chamber 90 by means of a port 91. Oil passing the valve 82 and which is exhausted from the cylinder 19 through the passage 25 flows to the chamber 90 and from thence to the bearings 56 and 57.

The impeller 32 is arranged within a suitable chamber 92 and the latter is supplied with oil not only from the bearings 56 and 57 but from the oil reservoir 93 which communicates with drains 94 and 95 for the bearing 50, for the centrifugal relief valve means 52 and for the bearin s.

From the apparatus described, the operation thereof will be apparent.

The impeller 32 develops pressure of oil which varies substantially as the speed of the shaft 11. This oil under pressure is.in constant communication with the space beneath the piston 36 by way of the passage 34, the port 44, the orifice connection 43, and the orts 45, the purpose of the orifice connection being to allow for a sudden. relief of pressure beneath the piston 36 by the speed responsive valve, at 52. When the piston 36 IS in equilibrium, the piston valve 27 occupies a neutral or cut-oif position, whereby the piston 18 is held blocked in the cylinder 19 by the fluid which is cut off therein by the piston valve ortion 28. This equilibrium position of t 1e piston 36 is determined by the balancing of forces above and below it. The forces effective above are those due to the spring 20 and to the pressure of fluid which may pass by the piston 36 and accumulate thereabove in the cylinder 37, the adjustment of the escape valve 82 permit ting of a variation in the pressure of this accumulating fluid. Pressure below the piston 36 is dependent wholly upon the position of the valve member 63. If the latter is slightly open, permitting of the escape of oil, pressure beneath the piston 36 declines with the result that the latter moves downwardly under the influence of the spring 20;

however, such downward movement of the piston 36 results in downward movement of the piston valve 27 so that the piston valve portion places the ports 22 and the annular chamber 29 in communication with the exhaust chamber 25, with the result that the tension of the spring 20 is eifective to more the piston 18 upwardly. From this, it will be seen, that the tension of the spring 20 is lowered by the upward movement of the piston 18 and the stem 14, this upward move ment continuing until the pressure of the spring 20 above the piston 36 is sui'ficiently relieved so that the force of the fluid pressure beneath the piston 36 comes into a condition of substantially equilibrium with respect to the force of the spring and of the fluid pressure above the piston, whereupon, the piston 36 is moved upwardly until the piston valve occupies a neutral or cut-oif position. U n a decrease in speed of the motor or tur ine shaft 11 the valve member '63 moves inwardly to entirely restrict the escape of fluid whereupon, pressure accumulates beneath the piston 36 and it is eifective to move the latter upwardly in order to place the pressure supply channel 24 and passage 34 in communication with the annular channel 29 and passage 2 in order to supply fluid to the cylinder 1?? to more the piston 18 downwardly.

The initial upward movement of the {118- ton 36 results in a slight increase in tension on the spring 20. Downward moveuunt of the piston 18 results in further increase in tension on the spring 30, this downward movement of the piston 18 continuing until the compressing force of the spring; :20. to-

gether with the fluid pressure above the creased fluid pressure beneath the piston 36, whereupon, the latter piston moves back so as to move the piston valve 27to a neutral or out-.ofi. position. 9 p

The efieet of adjusting the escape-valve 82 isto regulate the back pressure actin above the piston 36.. To increase the bee pressure calls for a oonrespon'din greater oil pressure below. the iston '36 m order that an equilibrium con ition may-be attained. On the other hand, a decrease in the back pressure results in a lower oil pressure helow-the piston 36 in orderto attain an uilihrium condition. Hence, with this reief valve, the normal runnin speed ofithe turbine may be changed. owering the back pressure meanscorrespondinglower pressure below the piston 36 and. the latter condition means a greater-opening condition of the speed-responsive valve; at 52x which corresponds to a hi or speed of the turbine. On the other'han. raising. of the bank pres sure above the piston 36', means that pressure beneath that piston must be correspondin a raised .in order that an e uilibrium con ition may be. attained. ence, the speed of the turbine must be lowered in order that the speed-responsive valve, at 52, may be sufficiently restricted in order to allow'for this accumulation of pressuie.

From the foregoing, it will be apparent that, whenever the piston'36 moves in either direction, the piston 18 moves-in an opposite direction, so that the tensionon the spring 20 may be sufliciently chan ed in order that the forces efl'ective' on t e piston 36 may attain an equilibrium-condition" making. it possible to bring the piston valve back to a neutral'or cut-ofi' position. Any

in the art that it is not so limited, but is susceptible of various other changes and modi cations,- without departing fire spirit thereof, and'I desire, therefore, that, only such limitations shall be placed thereupon as are imposed by the tplrior art or als are specifically set forth in" e appended; c al-m. What I claim is: 1 a The combination with a turbine havingan admission valve and a rotor shaft, :1 levercom uected to theadmission valve, a s ri ing to move the lever in one lrection to close the admission valve, a stem carried by the lever, a piston carried by the'lower. the stem, a cylinder for the piston driven by the shaft for developing iiuid under pressure, a valve for controlling the ad mission and exhaust under pressure to one side of-said piston, a piston carried by said valve and having its upper end bearing; against said sprin means for normally a gplying pressure'o fluid developed by saidpressure-developing means to the face of said piston connected to the valve and which is opposite to the spring and. centrifugal means carried by the shaft for relieving pressure of fluid applied to said'pistom' a 110mm) ARsLAmr T5 In testimony whereof, I have hereunto piston 36 is in equilibrium with the increased fluid pressure beneath the piston 36, whereupon, the latter piston moves back so as to move the piston valve 27 to a neutral or cut-ofi' position.

The effect of adjusting the escape valve 82 is to regulate the back pressure actin above the piston 36. To increase the ban pressure calls for a corresponding greater oil pressure belowrthe iston 36 in order that an equilibrium con ition may be attained. On the other hand, a decrease in the back pressure results in a lower oil pressure below the piston 36 in order to attain an equilibrium condition. Hence, with this relief valve, the normal runnin speed of the turbine may be changed. owering the back pressure means corresponding lower pressure below the piston 36 and the latter condition means a greateropening condition of the speed-responsive valve, at 52, which corresponds to a higher speed of the turbine. On the other-hand, raising of the back pressure above the piston 36, means that pressure beneath that piston must be corresponding] raised ,in order that an equilibrium con ition may be attained. Hence, the speed of the turbine must be lowered in order that the speed-responsive valve, at 52, may be sufliciently restricted in order to allowfor this accumulation of pressure.

From the foregoing, it will be apparent that, whenever the piston 36 moves in either direction, the piston 18 moves in an opposite direction, so that the tensionon the spring 20 may be sufliciently chan ed in order that the forces effective on the piston 36 may attain an equilibrium condition making it possible to bring the piston valve back to a neutral or cut-off position. Any

in the art that it is not so limited, but is susceptible of various other changes and modifications, without departing from the spirit thereof, and I desire, therefore, that only such limitations shall be placed there upon as are imposed by the as are specifically set forth in claim.

What I'claim is:

The combination with a turbine having an admission valve and a rotor shaft, a lever connected to the admission valve, a s ring tending to move the lever in one irectlon to close the admission valve, a stem carried by the lever, a piston carried by the lower end of the stem, a cylinder for the piston means driven by the shaft for developing fluid under pressure, a valve for controlling the admission and exhaust under pressure to one side of said piston, a piston carried by said valve and having its upper end bearing against said sprin means for normally a plying pressure 0 fluid developed by said pressuredeveloping means to the face of said piston connected to the valve and which is opposite to the spring and centrifugal tprior art or e appended means carried by the shaft for relieving.

pressure of fluid applied to said piston.'

In testimony whereof, I have hereunto subscribed my name this 18th day of February 1924.

ROLAND ,MARSLAND.

Certificate of Correction.

It is hereby certified that in Letters Patent No. 1,567 ,970,

ranted: December 29,

1925, upon the application of Roland Marsland, of EssingtonfPennsylvama, for an improvement in Governors, errors appear in the printed specification requiri ng correction as follows: Page 3, line 24, for the word or, first occurrence, read an; page 4, line.66, in claim, after the word exhaust insertthe words of fined; and that the said Letters Patent should be read with these corrections thereln. that the same may conform to the record of the case in the Patent Office.

Signed and sealed this 13th day of April, A. D. 1926.

, a M. J: Moons, Acting Uwmm'ssioner of Patents.

Certificate of Correction.

It is hereby certified that in Letters Patent No. 1,567,970, wanted. December 29, 1925, upon the application of Roland Marsland, of EssingtonfPennsylvania, for an improvement in Governors, errors appear in the printed specification requiring correction as follows: Page 3, line 24, for the word or, first occurrence, read in; page 4, line.66, in claim, after the word exhaust insert thewords of fluid; and that the said Letters Patent should be read with these corrections therein that the same mayoonform to the record of the case in the Patent ()flice.

S1gned and sealed this 13th day of April, A. D., 1926.

[m] M. J. MOORE,

Acting Uommissiomr of Patents. 

